ВИЧ через порез лезвием

[Маша]

Скажите, какая вероятность заразиться ВИЧ через порез бритвой? Спасибо заранее.

 

[Махмудов Яков Яковлевич]

Со статистическими данными такого рода не знаком, но этот путь в принципе не отличается от шприцевого.

 

[Rover]

8 марта 2007 года
Вопрос:Здравствуйте. Насколько я понял, самый большой риск заражения присутствует при инъекциях. А каков риск заражения при уколе швейной иглой? Укол в область запястья, по-моему, не в вену, кровь из руки пошла. Достоверно известно о высокой вероятности присутствия ВИЧ-инфицированной крови на кончике той иглы. Произошло это недавно, я до сих пор еще не пережил тот момент до конца, и потому прошу вас ответить на мой вопрос. Заранее спасибо, вы занимаетесь важным и нужным делом.



Ответ: Да, вы совершенно правы о рисках при инъекциях. Но только от части. Риск при инъекциях высок только при условии полой иглы, так как там может быть не высохвая кровь. Также риск высок при условии, что при инъекции вводится жидкость, которая может содержать кровь с вирусом. Это может происходить при многоразовом использовании одного шприца при употреблении наркотиков, если в наркотик попала кровь с вирусом, или при медицинских манипуляциях, если вводится кровь, продукты крови или медикаменты, куда попала инфицированная кровь. Учитывая, что швейная игла не полая и технически не возможна передача жидкости - то и риска передачи ВИЧ в данной ситуации и не может быть.

Источник: http://aids.ru/
Адрес ответа: http://aids.ru/faq/2007/03/08-26752.htm

 

[Махмудов Яков Яковлевич]

Обсудим популярно? Риск скорее всего невелик. Но кто готов играть в русскую рулетку?

http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_hiv_aids.cfm#6
How is HIV transmitted?
HIV can be transmitted through the blood, sexual fluids (semen, preseminal fluid, or vaginal fluid) or breast milk of an HIV-infected person. People can get HIV one of these fluids enters the body by way of the mucous membranes (the soft, moist skin found in any opening of the body) or the blood stream. The disease can be passed during unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex with a HIV-infected person. An HIV-infected mother can transmit HIV to her infant during pregnancy, delivery or while breastfeeding. People can also become infected with HIV when using injection drugs through sharing needles and other equipment (or works) including cookers and cottons with someone who is infected.

http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/transmission.htm
Households

Although HIV has been transmitted between family members in a household setting, this type of transmission is very rare. These transmissions are believed to have resulted from contact between skin or mucous membranes and infected blood. To prevent even such rare occurrences, precautions, as described in previously published guidelines, should be taken in all settings "including the home" to prevent exposures to the blood of persons who are HIV infected, at risk for HIV infection, or whose infection and risk status are unknown. For example,
Gloves should be worn during contact with blood or other body fluids that could possibly contain visible blood, such as urine, feces, or vomit.
Cuts, sores, or breaks on both the care giver’s and patient’s exposed skin should be covered with bandages.
Hands and other parts of the body should be washed immediately after contact with blood or other body fluids, and surfaces soiled with blood should be disinfected appropriately.
Practices that increase the likelihood of blood contact, such as sharing of razors and toothbrushes, should be avoided.
Needles and other sharp instruments should be used only when medically necessary and handled according to recommendations for health-care settings. (Do not put caps back on needles by hand or remove needles from syringes. Dispose of needles in puncture-proof containers out of the reach of children and visitors.)

Businesses and Other Settings

There is no known risk of HIV transmission to co-workers, clients, or consumers from contact in industries such as food-service establishments (see information on survival of HIV in the environment). Food-service workers known to be infected with HIV need not be restricted from work unless they have other infections or illnesses (such as diarrhea or hepatitis A) for which any food-service worker, regardless of HIV infection status, should be restricted. CDC recommends that all food-service workers follow recommended standards and practices of good personal hygiene and food sanitation.

In 1985, CDC issued routine precautions that all personal-service workers (such as hairdressers, barbers, cosmetologists, and massage therapists) should follow, even though there is no evidence of transmission from a personal-service worker to a client or vice versa. Instruments that are intended to penetrate the skin (such as tattooing and acupuncture needles, ear piercing devices) should be used once and disposed of or thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. Instruments not intended to penetrate the skin but which may become contaminated with blood (for example, razors) should be used for only one client and disposed of or thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. Personal-service workers can use the same cleaning procedures that are recommended for health care institutions.

CDC knows of no instances of HIV transmission through tattooing or body piercing, although hepatitis B virus has been transmitted during some of these practices. One case of HIV transmission from acupuncture has been documented. Body piercing (other than ear piercing) is relatively new in the United States, and the medical complications for body piercing appear to be greater than for tattoos. Healing of piercings generally will take weeks, and sometimes even months, and the pierced tissue could conceivably be abraded (torn or cut) or inflamed even after healing. Therefore, a theoretical HIV transmission risk does exist if the unhealed or abraded tissues come into contact with an infected person’s blood or other infectious body fluid. Additionally, HIV could be transmitted if instruments contaminated with blood are not sterilized or disinfected between clients.

 

[Маша]

ююю

А вот бывают такие люди, которые специально лезвием режут других людей, чтобы заразить. Какой тогда риск? И вообще сколько вирус живет на игле(полоной и неполой), на лезвии, на зубной щетке? Ведь не может же он жить там вечно?

 

[Махмудов Яков Яковлевич]

Что вечно не живет - известно, но вот сколько... Доступные данные по понятной причине имеют предположительный характер.